Master of Computer Application Technology, Nanjing University of Technology.With the continuous development of technology, we have entered an era of high interconnection. Communication and Internet have become an integral part of our lives. However, as people demand more and more network speed and bandwidth, the traditional 3G and 4G technologies can no longer meet the needs of people. This is the reason why 5G technology has emerged.
5G technology is the abbreviation of the fifth generation mobile communication technology, which is a new mobile communication network technology. Compared to 4G technology, 5G technology has higher speed, lower latency, larger network capacity and wider coverage. It will revolutionize our communication and Internet experience, bringing unprecedented convenience and innovation.
5G technology will dramatically increase the speed and bandwidth of the Internet. With a 5G network, we can enjoy faster download and upload speeds and even seamlessly stream HD video to our phones or TVs. This will greatly improve our entertainment and work experience. 5G technology will significantly reduce network latency. Latency is the time it takes from sending data to receiving it. With 5G networks, latency will be reduced to the millisecond level, which will dramatically improve the responsiveness of our networks. For example, self-driving cars need to respond instantly, and 5G technology can provide them with greater safety and reliability, reducing the risk of accidents. 5G technology will change the way smart homes and the Internet of Things operate. It will provide wider coverage and greater network capacity, which will enable more stable and efficient communication between smart home devices and sensors. We can remotely control various devices in our home, such as lighting, temperature, music, etc., through our cell phones or computers to achieve true intelligence.
Finally, 5G technology will greatly promote the development of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies. Under 5G network, we can experience virtual reality and augmented reality applications more smoothly, such as virtual travel, virtual shopping, virtual training, etc.. This will bring us a richer and more vivid experience. 5G technology will revolutionize our communication and Internet experience. It will provide faster, more stable, and more efficient network connections, bringing us more convenience and innovation. As 5G technology continues to develop and become more widespread, we can expect more applications and new possibilities.
First, in terms of 5G infrastructure, we can see that from 1G to 4G, there are two main ways to improve the communication speed. From the very beginning of the analog signal, digital signal, and then the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology, etc. are in the case of limited bandwidth to increase the efficiency of the use of frequency, we can squeeze the potential of the bandwidth as much as possible, but the more difficult this aspect to the later, the faster the speed of this efficiency improvement is not obvious. Another way is to achieve by enhancing the frequency of communication, from the very beginning of the long wave, to the back of the short-wave communication, and then to ultra-short wave, we use the communication band higher and higher, the shorter the equipment antenna, which actually brings two problems, first of all, the signal is loaded into the high frequency is the need for energy, the higher the frequency of the energy required, which will bring great system overhead, this has an impact but We know that in the vacuum because there is no obstacle, signal communication does not need to consider the wavelength, can be passed from the source to the host without attenuation, but the real communication scenario obstacles are all over the communication process, especially the city is full of tall buildings is a common obstacle, the higher the frequency of electromagnetic waves in the signal transmission process, the stronger the penetration ability, but can easily cross the obstacles. The higher the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the stronger the penetration ability in the signal transmission process, and the easier it is to cross the obstacles, but at the same time, the more powerful the signal attenuation is, which means that the higher the signal transmission distance is closer under the same conditions. Therefore, the same coverage area needs to build more base stations, the number of base stations in the 2G era is only 1.5 million, while the number of base stations needed for 4G is more than 4 million, and the number of base stations needed for 5G is conservatively estimated at more than 15 million, the construction and maintenance costs of the infrastructure in the 5G era is several or even dozens of times that of the 4G era.
Secondly, the 5G era has not been able to quickly keep up with the construction of supporting facilities, as with any new technology, the new technology is basically a toy for the rich and powerful at the beginning, just like aluminum products, at first only a small number of the most powerful people can use, and finally gradually expand the popularity of the general public class. Because the birth of new technology itself is not enough to support the commercialization itself, 5G technology without supporting facilities to build popular itself does not make sense, to give a very simple example, electric car technology is now very mature, but now most people do not choose to use electric cars, one of the most important problem is that the supporting facilities for electric cars is not perfect, you go to which part of China can be very You can easily find a gas station anywhere you go in China, but you are halfway to a fast charge for your electric car, and the current facility conditions do not allow it. As a result, the availability of electric cars is greatly reduced. In fact, the arrival of 5G also faces some problems. Currently, all our supporting facilities, services, and hardware and software terminals are operating under 4G conditions, and the services we can apply in the 5G era are still the same. So initially 5G will not give us any substantial difference in experience, only when the improvement of supporting facilities to keep up, there will be an essential difference, that is, self-driving cars, for example, the real world to achieve self-driving, 5G speed is not enough, we also face a series of problems such as changes in road settings, traffic regulations, the entire automotive, transport industry change and integration of resources. These problems do not solve the popularity of autonomous driving is not on the table. This is only one part of the entire 5G ecology, all the other application scenarios need to support the work of the system construction project volume is only more and less, so it is conceivable that the amount of facilities needed before the real popularity of 5G applications is a very large system engineering.
