China’s transportation development has shifted from simply pursuing speed and scale to paying more attention to quality and efficiency, which is the new demand for modernized transportation development. The traffic pattern will change from relatively independent development of various modes of transportation to more emphasis on multi-party synergistic development, and from relying on traditional factor-driven to more innovation-driven to build a safe, convenient, efficient, green, economic and intelligent modern comprehensive transportation system. “Internet +” intelligent transportation refers to the Internet, Internet of Things, the fifth generation of mobile communications (5G), big data, cloud computing, BeiDou satellite navigation system, artificial intelligence (AI) and other means of information technology for collaborative innovation, to promote the Internet frontier technology achievements and traffic, automotive, navigation and other fields of application of deep integration. The “Internet +” intelligent transportation is conducive to promoting the interoperability and sharing of data and information resources of transportation facilities and operations, and realizing the optimization of transportation organization and value creation.
Shared travel, green travel, intelligent travel is an important feature of future travel, which can meet the personalized service needs of public travel. The “sense of access” of traffic and travel, in the micro level, that is, the safety, convenience and comfort of personal travel, and in the macro level, that is, the harmony, smoothness and sustainability of public travel, the essence of which lies in improving the service quality of traffic and travel. The iTaaS concept should be taken as the guide to improve the overall operational efficiency and service supply quality of China’s comprehensive transportation system. Promote the structural reform on the supply side of transportation and the construction of new transportation infrastructure, bring into play the enthusiasm and creativity of traditional transportation enterprises and Internet enterprises, and form a new form of transportation industry development with Internet innovation as an element. Increase coordination among government departments to accommodate, encourage and foster the development of new business models and modes through active and flexible institutional design.
The age of intelligence, driven by data intelligence, has arrived. The most typical smart product in the past 10 years is the smartphone, and in the next 10 years the car will become the new mobile smart terminal [1]. At present, the development of intelligent connected cars is in full swing. After going from perception to control, from components to whole vehicles, from single item to integration, from one-way to interaction, cars are entering a new era of “comprehensive perception + reliable communication + intelligent driving”. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the deep integration and innovation of “Internet +” and intelligent transportation, the electrification, intelligence, networking and sharing of intelligent transportation industry, and the development route of intelligent transportation system from the perspective of development strategy, so as to promote the new model of “Internet +” intelligent transportation and the new model of “Internet +” intelligent transportation for the country. “This paper provides theoretical support for the development of new modes, new technologies and new business models of intelligent transportation. Based on the analysis of the demand of “Internet +” intelligent transportation, this paper compares the challenges and development trends, demonstrates the technical system architecture, and proposes countermeasures for future development.
Demand analysis of “Internet +” intelligent transportation.
In the process of evolving from the current assisted driving to the ultimate driverless driving, the network linkage will develop along the path of single-vehicle network linkage, multi-vehicle network linkage and traffic system network linkage, and the key linkage technologies of car perception, analysis, decision making and execution will be rapidly updated, which is expected to gradually replace the driver’s analysis, judgment and decision making role, and eventually the system will complete highly automatic driving and fully automatic driving. Intelligent high precision map, as a key and fundamental link of future travel, is the carrier of real-time perception of the whole area of traffic resources and the basis of the whole process of operation and control of transportation. As a new form of map, it is necessary to analyze and discuss its key features and main directions in order to promote the progress of intelligent high precision map research and application.
The interconnection of “human-vehicle-road” sensing and collaborative control is the essential feature of Telematics, and it is necessary to study the relationship between network connection and intelligent sensing and control, and establish the overall architecture of intelligent transportation and Telematics technology system with international influence by relying on independent core key infrastructure and technology. “Two networks, two centers and two full sensing control” is the overall technical idea to cope with the above needs: “two networks” refers to the human and vehicle condition sensing network, road condition and environment sensing network; 1 computer platform center + 1 cloud platform center inside the car The “two centers”; “two full control” means the whole time and space sensing control of the road, the whole process control of vehicle operation.
Intelligent transportation application services of the industrial ecosystem and collaborative innovation mechanism is the construction of the urgent need. At present, the domestic car networking technology is still mostly in the laboratory of universities, research institutes and vehicle manufacturers in a relatively closed environment, technology development is more fragmented, technical standards and data interfaces are difficult to unify, obviously restricting the intention of third-party software service developers to participate. China should study and formulate corresponding policies and regulations, strengthen effective docking with the international industry chain, encourage breaking the closed situation of the traditional automobile industry chain, promote the comprehensive development of the Telematics industry chain across automobile manufacturing, maintenance, communication, information services and public services, and promote the new pattern of innovation and entrepreneurship in “Internet +” intelligent transportation.
“Internet +” intelligent transportation development state.
The role of “Internet +” in supporting the basic platform of intelligent transportation is becoming more and more obvious, and China’s “Internet +” intelligent transportation has achieved synchronous development with similar foreign products in many segments. (1) In the direction of vehicle-road cooperative intelligent transportation, active and passive vehicle safety, intelligent networked vehicles, and one-stop information service for traffic and transportation, there are institutions and enterprises in China that are conducting research and application in line with international standards; (2) In the sub-segments of traffic congestion charge collection, shared electric vehicles / cars / bicycles, net cars / hitchhiking, rapid transit system (BRT), shared transportation and payment mode, etc., they have partially achieved (3) In many areas such as municipal-level on-street parking network charges, national-level road network monitoring and emergency services, electronic non-stop toll collection system (ETC) national network charges, national road passenger transport network ticketing, national bus one-card network, Internet traffic safety integrated service management platform, and electronic vehicle identification, many of which are not available or rarely seen in foreign countries, large-scale application management and Service cases.
It should also be recognized that, with the economic development into the new normal, the external environment is more complex and severe, and the phenomenon of insufficient independent innovation capability and prominent “neck” problem still exists in some industry fields in China. The development of intelligent transportation industry is also facing challenges in many aspects.
Basic research is not solid enough. On the whole, China’s basic research in the field of intelligent transportation is weak, and there are problems such as less research on intelligent standards and solutions for road network infrastructure, weak environmental and weather sensing capabilities, lack of standards for vehicle network architecture, vehicle-road cooperation (V2X) and vehicle-vehicle cooperation (V2V), 5G network time delay does not meet the demand for automatic driving safety, and the core competitiveness of the automatic driving industry chain is not strong.
The level of transportation construction is uneven. China’s transportation network construction level is uneven, with uncoordinated development level of each subsystem and low level of interoperability; the standards of roadside facilities are not uniform and the synergistic development is weak; the level of transportation line network infrastructure is high (the mileage of high-speed railroads and highways is world leading), but not enough attention is paid to the construction of intelligent integrated hubs and one-stop network operation platforms.
The system and regulations for transportation innovation and development are lagging behind. The research and development of new infrastructure, new modes and new business models of “Internet +” intelligent transportation has put forward new demands on the transportation governance system and governance capacity. For example, for the regulation of autonomous driving maps, there is an urgent need for the relevant systems, regulations and policy systems to keep pace with the times and adapt to and lead the development of applications.
The development trend of “Internet +” intelligent transportation.
In April 2020, China’s National Development and Reform Commission defined the scope of “new infrastructure,” and intelligent transportation infrastructure, as one of the key areas of emerging technology integration and innovation of traditional infrastructure, was included in the category of integration infrastructure. Intelligent transportation infrastructure requires comprehensive sensing of road, vehicle, human, environment and other relevant location data (to achieve “human-vehicle-road” comprehensive interconnection), full spatial and temporal traffic control for each road, and full traffic control for each vehicle, in order to have ubiquitous and seamless travel service capability.
The core of the construction of intelligent transportation infrastructure lies in the network of vehicles and intelligent networked vehicles with intelligent and precise control, and the network of vehicles with intelligent and precise control is an information-physical system (CPS) network with precise spatio-temporal location services, and precise control of remote spatio-temporal location is its necessary requirement.
